I strongly recommend providing Talk Prompts to help pupils formulate high quality spoken sentences and then bring powerful, formal phrases into their writing.
‘Hands up’ is a very common way of inviting pupil participation in lessons. However, research shows that typically only around 25% of the class raise their hands.
This summer I was lucky enough to attend the annual summer seminar organised by the Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children (IAPC) based at Montclair State University, NJ.